What are the products of the following reactions?
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Guida verificata passo dopo passo

Step 1: Identify the reactants. The starting material is 2-chloropyridine, which contains a pyridine ring with a chlorine atom attached to the second position. The reagent is phenyl lithium (C₆H₅Li), an organolithium compound that acts as a strong nucleophile and base.

Step 2: Recognize the type of reaction. Phenyl lithium can perform nucleophilic substitution reactions, especially on aromatic systems where the leaving group (Cl) is attached to an electron-deficient ring like pyridine. The nitrogen atom in pyridine is electron-withdrawing, making the carbon bonded to chlorine more susceptible to nucleophilic attack.

Step 3: Predict the mechanism. Phenyl lithium will attack the carbon atom bonded to chlorine in a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SₙAr) mechanism. The chlorine atom acts as the leaving group, and the phenyl group (C₆H₅) replaces it.

Step 4: Draw the intermediate. After the nucleophilic attack, a negatively charged intermediate is formed, where the phenyl group is attached to the second position of the pyridine ring. This intermediate is stabilized by resonance involving the nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring.

Step 5: Finalize the product. The chlorine atom is removed as chloride (Cl⁻), and the final product is 2-phenylpyridine, where the phenyl group is attached to the second position of the pyridine ring.

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