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Physics with Calculus: Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum

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  • What is centripetal force?

    Centripetal force is any force directed toward a fixed center, such as string tension, gravitational, or electrical forces.

  • Does inertia create torque on a spinning football in an airless environment?

    No, inertia is not a force, so it cannot create a torque.

  • What happens to an object without external torques?

    It cannot change its own angular momentum.

  • When is angular momentum conserved in an ice skater spinning faster by pulling in arms?

    Angular momentum is conserved because no net external torque acts on the system.

  • What happens when an object's center of gravity lies outside its base?

    The object will topple over.

  • Which bug has greater tangential speed on a spinning record: one at the edge or near the center?

    The bug on the outer edge has greater tangential speed.

  • Under what condition is the angular momentum of a system conserved?

    When no net external torque is exerted on the system.

  • What is the center of mass?

    The average position of all the mass that makes up an object.

  • Which has more rotational inertia: a solid sphere or a solid cylinder of the same mass and radius?

    The solid cylinder has more rotational inertia.

  • Does any part of a frictionless spinning turntable exert torque on another part?

    No, because the entire object has the same angular motion, no internal torques are exerted.

  • What happens to total momentum when two kids slide and grab each other on frictionless ice?

    Their total momentum remains constant.

  • Which clock hand has greater angular momentum: minute or hour hand?

    The minute hand has greater angular momentum.

  • What is centrifugal force?

    An apparent outward force caused by a body's inertia in a rotating frame.

  • Define torque.

    Torque is the product of the lever arm and the force that tends to produce rotation.

  • What is rotational inertia?

    Rotational inertia is an object's property to resist changes in its rotational state of motion.

  • After a dog jumps onto a stationary merry-go-round causing it to spin, what is true about their angular momentum?

    Both the merry-go-round and dog have non-zero angular momentum around the axle.

  • Is angular momentum conserved when putty sticks to a spinning turntable?

    Yes, because external forces do not cause torque around the axle, so the system's angular momentum is conserved.

  • Can a girl apply a larger torque than her father on a swinging gate?

    Yes, by applying force farther from the hinge, she can exert a larger torque.

  • What is tangential speed?

    The linear speed of an object moving along a circular path.

  • What happens to simulated gravity if a rotating habitat's speed increases?

    The amount of simulated gravity increases.

  • How does a longer wrench affect turning a bolt?

    A longer wrench makes turning the bolt easier by increasing torque.

  • On what does the moment of inertia of an object depend?

    It depends on the axis of rotation and how the mass is distributed.

  • How does a lighter wheel affect angular momentum compared to heavier wheels on a car?

    The lighter wheel has smaller angular momentum magnitude.

  • What role does gravity play in Earth's orbit around the Sun?

    Gravity acts as the centripetal force holding Earth in orbit.

  • Is a net torque created when a rubber ball rolls down a ramp?

    Yes, the ball experiences a net torque as it begins rolling downward.

  • How is angular momentum conserved when a professor lowers dumbbells while spinning on a turntable with friction?

    During the brief lowering, the system's total angular momentum is conserved despite friction.