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Which two pancreatic hormones closely control the levels of glucose in the blood?
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16. The Endocrine System
Introduction to the Endocrine System
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What is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high blood sugar?
A
Glucagon
B
Cortisol
C
Somatostatin
D
Insulin
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Identify the location of beta cells: Beta cells are located in the pancreatic islets, also known as the islets of Langerhans, which are clusters of cells in the pancreas.
Understand the role of beta cells: Beta cells are responsible for the production and secretion of insulin, a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels.
Recognize the stimulus for insulin secretion: High blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) act as a stimulus for the beta cells to secrete insulin.
Explain the function of insulin: Insulin helps lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, particularly muscle and fat cells, and by inhibiting glucose production in the liver.
Differentiate insulin from other hormones: Glucagon, cortisol, and somatostatin have different roles. Glucagon raises blood sugar levels, cortisol is involved in stress response and metabolism, and somatostatin inhibits the release of several hormones, including insulin and glucagon.
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