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What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
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22. The Respiratory System
Introduction to Lung Physiology
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Why does air flow into the lungs during inspiration?
A
Because the diaphragm relaxes, decreasing thoracic volume and increasing pressure inside the lungs.
B
Because the diaphragm contracts, increasing thoracic volume and decreasing pressure inside the lungs.
C
Because the intercostal muscles contract, decreasing thoracic volume and increasing pressure inside the lungs.
D
Because the intercostal muscles relax, increasing thoracic volume and decreasing pressure inside the lungs.
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Understand the basic mechanics of breathing: During inspiration, air flows into the lungs due to a pressure difference between the atmosphere and the thoracic cavity.
Recognize the role of the diaphragm: During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.
Apply Boyle's Law: As the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, the pressure inside the lungs decreases. This creates a pressure gradient where the atmospheric pressure is higher than the pressure inside the lungs.
Consider the role of intercostal muscles: The external intercostal muscles also contract during inspiration, lifting the rib cage and further increasing thoracic volume.
Conclude the process: The decrease in intrapulmonary pressure relative to atmospheric pressure causes air to flow into the lungs until the pressures equalize.
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