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In the urinary system, what is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine?
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25. The Urinary System
The Nephron
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The functional unit of the kidney is the ____.
A
Renal pelvis
B
Adrenal gland
C
Ureter
D
Nephron
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Understand that the question asks for the functional unit of the kidney, which means the smallest structure capable of performing all the kidney's functions.
Recall that the kidney's main functions include filtering blood, removing waste, balancing electrolytes, and regulating blood pressure.
Identify the structures listed: Renal pelvis (a funnel-shaped structure collecting urine), Adrenal gland (an endocrine gland on top of the kidney), Ureter (a tube carrying urine to the bladder), and Nephron.
Recognize that the nephron is the microscopic structure within the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine, thus performing the kidney's essential functions.
Conclude that the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney because it carries out filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion processes.
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