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Which of the following is not a physical barrier against infection?
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21. The Immune System
Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Skin
Scelta multipla
Examples of 1st line defenses to infection which are components of the innate immune system include all of the following except?
A
Unbroken skin.
B
Phagocytosis of a pathogen by an immune cell.
C
Digestive enzymes in saliva.
D
Destructive acids in gastric juices.
E
Naturally occurring human microbiome.
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Understand the concept of the innate immune system, which provides the first line of defense against pathogens. It includes physical barriers, chemical barriers, and biological components.
Identify the physical barriers: Unbroken skin acts as a physical barrier preventing pathogens from entering the body.
Recognize the chemical barriers: Digestive enzymes in saliva and destructive acids in gastric juices help neutralize and destroy pathogens.
Consider the biological components: The naturally occurring human microbiome competes with pathogens and prevents their growth.
Phagocytosis is a process where immune cells engulf and destroy pathogens, which is part of the second line of defense, not the first line. Therefore, it is the exception in this list.
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