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In a neuron, a membrane potential of –90 mV is considered __________.
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11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System
Ions - Sodium and Potassium
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Which ion has the highest concentration outside the cell compared to inside?
A
Potassium (K+)
B
Sodium (Na+)
C
Calcium (Ca2+)
D
Chloride (Cl-)
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Understand the concept of ion concentration gradients across the cell membrane. Cells maintain different concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell to facilitate various physiological processes.
Identify the major ions involved in cellular function: Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), and Chloride (Cl-). Each of these ions has a specific role and distribution in and out of the cell.
Recall that Sodium (Na+) is typically found in higher concentrations outside the cell compared to inside. This is crucial for processes such as the action potential in neurons and muscle contraction.
Consider the role of the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ ATPase), which actively transports Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell, maintaining the concentration gradient.
Review the typical concentration gradients: Na+ is high outside and low inside, K+ is high inside and low outside, Ca2+ is low inside and higher outside, and Cl- is generally higher outside than inside.
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