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Which catecholamine receptor subtype is primarily responsible for increasing heart rate (positive chronotropy) in the heart?
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14. The Autonomic Nervous System
Neurotransmitters of the ANS
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Which of the following is released by all somatic motor neurons at their synapses and always has an excitatory effect on skeletal muscle?
A
norepinephrine
B
adrenaline
C
acetylcholine
D
endorphin
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Identify the role of somatic motor neurons: Somatic motor neurons are responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles, causing them to contract.
Understand the neurotransmitter involved: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another 'target' neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell.
Recognize the specific neurotransmitter for skeletal muscles: Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released by all somatic motor neurons at their synapses with skeletal muscle fibers.
Determine the effect of acetylcholine: When acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction, it binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane, leading to muscle contraction.
Conclude the excitatory nature: Acetylcholine always has an excitatory effect on skeletal muscle, meaning it stimulates the muscle to contract.
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