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How does a steroid hormone exert its effect upon a cell?
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16. The Endocrine System
Intracellular Receptors and Direct Gene Action
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Which pair of terms below correctly matches the molecule with the pathway?
A
Intracellular reception: receptor-hormone complex.
B
Second messenger system: G protein.
C
Intracellular reception: adenylate cyclase.
D
A & B are both correct.
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Understand the concept of intracellular reception: This involves a receptor located inside the cell, typically in the cytoplasm or nucleus, where it binds to a hormone to form a receptor-hormone complex. This complex can then influence gene expression directly.
Explore the second messenger system: This is a mechanism where the binding of a hormone to a receptor on the cell surface activates a G protein. The G protein then triggers a cascade of intracellular events, often involving the production of second messengers like cyclic AMP (cAMP).
Identify the role of adenylate cyclase: In the second messenger system, adenylate cyclase is an enzyme activated by the G protein. It converts ATP to cyclic AMP, which acts as a second messenger to propagate the signal within the cell.
Match the terms with their pathways: Intracellular reception is correctly associated with the receptor-hormone complex, as it involves direct interaction within the cell. The second messenger system is correctly associated with the G protein, as it initiates the signaling cascade.
Conclude the correct matches: Based on the explanations, the correct pairings are 'Intracellular reception: receptor-hormone complex' and 'Second messenger system: G protein'. Therefore, both A and B are correct.
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