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Ions - Sodium and Potassium quiz #1

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  • What is the source of energy used to power the sodium-potassium pump?
    The source of energy used to power the sodium-potassium pump is ATP.
  • The concentrations of which two ions are highest outside the cell?
    The concentrations of sodium ions are highest outside the cell, while potassium ions are highest inside the cell.
  • How does the sodium-potassium pump make the interior of the cell negatively charged?
    The sodium-potassium pump makes the interior of the cell negatively charged by ejecting three sodium ions out of the cell and bringing two potassium ions into the cell, resulting in a net loss of positive charge.
  • What does the sodium-potassium pump do in terms of ion movement relative to their concentration gradients?
    It moves ions against their concentration gradient
  • What do voltage-gated ion channels open in response to?
    Voltage-gated ion channels open in response to changes in membrane potential.
  • How do ion channels allow ions to move across membranes?
    They allow passive movement of ions
  • Which channels are highly concentrated in the nodes of Ranvier?
    Voltage-gated sodium channels are highly concentrated in the nodes of Ranvier.
  • Which client is at risk for the development of a potassium level of 5.5 meq/l (5.5 mmol/l)?
    A client with kidney dysfunction or those taking potassium-sparing diuretics may be at risk for hyperkalemia, which is a potassium level of 5.5 meq/l or higher.
  • What is the driving force for the sodium-potassium pump?
    ATP
  • What is the major positive ion found outside cells?
    Sodium
  • Does the sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) exchange pump require ATP to function?
    It requires ATP
  • Does the sodium-potassium pump move ions with or against their concentration gradient?
    It moves ions against their concentration gradient
  • What is the most abundant extracellular cation?
    The most abundant extracellular cation is sodium.
  • What ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to the coagulation cascade?
    Calcium ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to the coagulation cascade.
  • What is the source of energy used to power the sodium–potassium pump?
    The source of energy used to power the sodium-potassium pump is ATP.
  • Which mineral is required for normal muscle and nerve function and aids in water balance?
    Potassium is required for normal muscle and nerve function and aids in water balance.
  • Does the sodium–potassium pump require ATP to function?
    It requires ATP
  • What is a function of potassium in the body?
    Muscle contraction
  • What ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of the coagulation cascade?
    Calcium ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of the coagulation cascade.
  • What are two functions of potassium in the body?
    Muscle contraction, Nerve function
  • Which channels allow the movement of potassium through the neuronal membrane?
    Voltage-gated potassium channels, Potassium leak channels
  • What is the principal extracellular cation?
    The principal extracellular cation is sodium.
  • Which function is not performed by the Na+−K+ pump?
    Generating ATP
  • How do the gates of voltage-gated sodium channels open?
    They open in response to changes in voltage
  • Where would calcium ions be predominately found?
    Calcium ions are predominately found in the extracellular fluid.
  • Which is the most abundant cation in the ECF?
    The most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF) is sodium.
  • What is the most abundant intracellular cation?
    The most abundant intracellular cation is potassium.
  • By what process is sodium moved out of the cell?
    Sodium is moved out of the cell by active transport via the sodium-potassium pump.
  • Which of these conditions is not a result of hyperkalemia? A) Muscle weakness B) Cardiac arrhythmias C) Increased blood pressure D) Nerve dysfunction
    C) Increased blood pressure
  • What is a function that sodium does not perform?
    Bone formation
  • What is the major cation found in the extracellular fluid?
    The major cation found in the extracellular fluid is sodium.
  • Which function is not performed by the Na+-K+ pump?
    Generating ATP
  • What is the major extracellular cation?
    The major extracellular cation is sodium.
  • Which statement about gated channels is false?
    A) They require ATP to function
  • What is the major cation found in intracellular fluid?
    The major cation found in intracellular fluid is potassium.
  • Does the Na-K pump require ATP to function?
    B) It requires ATP
  • Which is the main anion in the intracellular fluid?
    The main anion in the intracellular fluid is phosphate.
  • What is a key functional characteristic of the sodium-potassium pump?
    B) It requires ATP