Domanda del libro di testo
During a neurobiology lecture, a professor repeatedly refers to group A and group B fibers, absolute refractory period, and myelin sheath gaps. Define these terms.
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Ch. 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
Hoehn, Haynes, Abbott12th EditionMarieb Human Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138242732
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation25
- Ch. 2 Chemistry Comes Alive24
- Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units24
- Ch. 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric19
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System12
- Ch. 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues19
- Ch. 7 The Skeleton14
- Ch. 8 Joints7
- Ch. 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue26
- Ch. 10 The Muscular System25
- Ch. 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue23
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System25
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity30
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System16
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses26
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System26
- Ch. 17 Blood27
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart25
- Ch. 19 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels27
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues16
- Ch. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses27
- Ch. 22 The Respiratory System21
- Ch. 23 The Digestive System31
- Ch. 24 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance26
- Ch. 25 The Urinary System26
- Ch. 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance24
- Ch. 27 The Reproductive System24
- Ch. 28 Pregnancy and Human Development25
- Ch. 29 Heredity11
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Hoehn, Haynes, Abbott 12th EditionCh. 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous TissueProblema 9
Hoehn, Haynes, Abbott 12th EditionCh. 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous TissueProblema 9Capitolo 11, Problema 9
An IPSP is inhibitory because
a. It hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane.
b. It reduces the amount of neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic terminal.
c. It prevents calcium ion entry into the presynaptic terminal.
d. It changes the threshold of the neuron.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: Understand what an IPSP (Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential) is. It is a change in the postsynaptic membrane potential that makes the neuron less likely to fire an action potential.
Step 2: Recall that hyperpolarization means the inside of the neuron becomes more negative relative to the outside, moving the membrane potential further from the threshold needed to trigger an action potential.
Step 3: Recognize that IPSPs typically result from the opening of ion channels that allow negatively charged ions (like Cl⁻) to enter or positively charged ions (like K⁺) to leave the cell, causing hyperpolarization.
Step 4: Evaluate each option in the question: (a) hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane, (b) reduces neurotransmitter release presynaptically, (c) prevents calcium entry presynaptically, and (d) changes the threshold of the neuron.
Step 5: Conclude that the defining feature of an IPSP is the hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane, which inhibits the generation of an action potential.
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Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)
An IPSP is a change in the postsynaptic membrane potential that makes the neuron less likely to fire an action potential. It typically involves hyperpolarization, where the inside of the neuron becomes more negative, moving the membrane potential further from the threshold needed to trigger firing.
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05:55
Postsynaptic Potential
Hyperpolarization of the Postsynaptic Membrane
Hyperpolarization occurs when the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential, often due to the influx of negatively charged ions or efflux of positive ions. This change inhibits neuronal firing by increasing the distance from the action potential threshold.
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05:55Postsynaptic Potential
Neurotransmitter Release and Presynaptic Modulation
Neurotransmitter release is controlled by calcium ion entry into the presynaptic terminal. While modulation of neurotransmitter release affects synaptic strength, IPSPs are primarily postsynaptic events and do not directly involve reducing neurotransmitter release or altering calcium entry presynaptically.
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4:14Neurotransmitters of the ANS
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Neuropeptides that act as natural opiates include
a. Substance P
b. Somatostatin and cholecystokinin
c. Tachykinins
d. Enkephalins
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Domanda del libro di testo
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by poisoning blocks neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction because
a. ACh is no longer released by the presynaptic terminal.
b. ACh synthesis in the presynaptic terminal is blocked.
c. ACh is not degraded, so prolonged depolarization is enforced on the postsynaptic cell.
d. ACh is blocked from attaching to the postsynaptic ACh receptors.
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Domanda del libro di testo
a. What is myelin?
b. How does the myelination process differ in the CNS and PNS?
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Domanda del libro di testo
The anatomical region of a multipolar neuron where the AP is initiated is the
a. Soma
b. Dendrites
c. Axon's initial segment
d. Axon terminals
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Domanda del libro di testo
Since all APs generated by a given nerve fiber have the same magnitude, how does the CNS 'know' whether a stimulus is strong or weak?
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