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The posterior pituitary is not really an endocrine gland. Why not? What is it?
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Ch. 16 The Endocrine System
Hoehn, Haynes, Abbott12th EditionMarieb Human Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138242732
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation25
- Ch. 2 Chemistry Comes Alive24
- Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units24
- Ch. 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric19
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System12
- Ch. 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues19
- Ch. 7 The Skeleton14
- Ch. 8 Joints7
- Ch. 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue26
- Ch. 10 The Muscular System25
- Ch. 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue23
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System25
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity30
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System16
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses26
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System26
- Ch. 17 Blood27
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart25
- Ch. 19 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels27
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues16
- Ch. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses27
- Ch. 22 The Respiratory System21
- Ch. 23 The Digestive System31
- Ch. 24 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance26
- Ch. 25 The Urinary System26
- Ch. 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance24
- Ch. 27 The Reproductive System24
- Ch. 28 Pregnancy and Human Development25
- Ch. 29 Heredity11
Hoehn, Haynes, Abbott12th EditionMarieb Human Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138242732Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 16, Problema 19
Roger Proulx has severe arthritis and has been taking prednisone (a glucocorticoid) for two months. He isn't feeling well, complains of repeated 'colds,' and is extremely 'puffy' (edematous). Explain the reason for these symptoms.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand that prednisone is a synthetic glucocorticoid, which mimics the effects of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex involved in stress response, metabolism, and immune regulation.
Recognize that long-term use of prednisone suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to decreased endogenous cortisol production and impaired immune function, which explains the increased susceptibility to infections (repeated 'colds').
Know that glucocorticoids like prednisone have mineralocorticoid effects, causing sodium and water retention in the kidneys, which leads to edema and the 'puffy' appearance described.
Connect that the combination of immune suppression and fluid retention results in the symptoms Roger is experiencing: frequent infections due to lowered immunity and edema due to fluid accumulation.
Summarize that the symptoms are a direct consequence of prednisone's pharmacological effects: immune system suppression causing vulnerability to infections, and mineralocorticoid-like effects causing fluid retention and edema.
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Glucocorticoid Effects on the Immune System
Glucocorticoids like prednisone suppress the immune response by reducing inflammation and inhibiting white blood cell activity. This immunosuppression increases susceptibility to infections, explaining why Roger experiences repeated 'colds' or infections.
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Percorso guidato
1:32
Effects of the Complement System
Side Effects of Long-term Glucocorticoid Use
Prolonged use of glucocorticoids can cause side effects such as fluid retention and edema, leading to a 'puffy' appearance. These drugs alter electrolyte balance and increase sodium retention, which causes swelling and weight gain.
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02:24Directional Terms: Body Sides Example 1
Mechanism of Prednisone in Treating Arthritis
Prednisone reduces inflammation by mimicking cortisol, a natural hormone that regulates immune and inflammatory responses. While effective in controlling arthritis symptoms, its systemic effects can lead to adverse outcomes like immunosuppression and edema.
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3:02Internal Regulation - The Myogenic Mechanism
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