Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units

Marieb - Human Anatomy & Physiology 11th Edition

Marieb, Hoehn11th EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874034Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo

Marieb, Hoehn 11th Edition

Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units

Problema 16

Capitolo 3, Problema 16

The type of fracture that occurs in osteoporosis:

Guida verificata passo dopo passo

Step 1: Understand what osteoporosis is — a condition characterized by decreased bone density and increased bone fragility, making bones more susceptible to fractures.

Step 2: Recognize that fractures in osteoporosis typically occur in bones that are weight-bearing or have a high trabecular (spongy) bone content, such as the vertebrae, hip, and wrist.

Step 3: Identify the common type of fracture associated with osteoporosis, which is a compression fracture, especially in the vertebrae, where the weakened bone collapses under normal stress.

Step 4: Note that these compression fractures often result in a loss of height and a stooped posture (kyphosis) due to vertebral collapse.

Step 5: Summarize that the hallmark fracture type in osteoporosis is the vertebral compression fracture, distinguishing it from other fracture types like transverse or spiral fractures that are more related to trauma.

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Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by decreased bone density and mass, leading to fragile bones that are more prone to fractures. It commonly affects older adults, especially postmenopausal women, due to hormonal changes that reduce bone remodeling efficiency.

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Microscopic Anatomy of Bones - Bone Cells Example 2

Types of Bone Fractures

Bone fractures can be classified by their pattern and cause, such as transverse, oblique, spiral, comminuted, and compression fractures. Understanding these types helps identify the nature of injury and underlying bone condition.

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Types of Bones

Compression Fracture in Osteoporosis

Compression fractures are common in osteoporosis, occurring when weakened vertebral bodies collapse under normal stress. These fractures often cause back pain and height loss, reflecting the bone's inability to withstand compressive forces.

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02:48

Specialized Connective Tissue: Bone Example 1

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A physiologist observes that the concentration of sodium inside a cell is decidedly lower than that outside the cell. She also observes that there is a small leakage of sodium into the cell. What cellular process prevents the sodium concentration gradient from disappearing?

a. Osmosis

b. Diffusion

c. Primary active transport

d. Secondary active transport

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A nerve cell and a lymphocyte are presumed to differ in their:

a. Specialized structure

b. Suppressed genes and embryonic history

c. Genetic information

d. a and b, e. a and c

128

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Two examples of chemotherapeutic drugs (drugs used to treat cancer) and their cellular actions are listed below. Explain why each drug could be fatal to a cell. • Vincristine (brand name Oncovin): damages the mitotic spindle • Doxorubicin (Adriamycin): binds to DNA and blocks mRNA synthesis

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If DNA has a sequence of AAA, then a segment of mRNA synthesized on it will have a sequence of:

a. TTT

b. UUU

c. GGG

d. CCC

1155

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Comment on the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining a cell's resting membrane potential.

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In their anatomy lab, many students are exposed to the chemical preservatives phenol, formaldehyde, and alcohol. Our cells break down these toxins very effectively. What cellular organelle is responsible for this?

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