What are fluid shifts? What is their function, and what factors can cause them?

Martini, Nath, Bartholomew 12th Edition
Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes
Problema 17Why should a person with a fever drink plenty of fluids?
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Concetti chiave
Fever and Body Temperature Regulation
Dehydration Risk During Fever
Role of Fluids in Supporting Recovery
In a protein buffer system, if the pH increases:
(a) The protein acquires a hydrogen ion from carbonic acid
(b) Hydrogen ions are buffered by hemoglobin molecules
(c) A hydrogen ion is released and a carboxylate ion is formed
(d) A chloride shift occurs
What are the three major buffer systems in body fluids? How does each system work?
How do respiratory and renal mechanisms support the buffer systems?
When the pH of body fluids begins to decrease, free amino acids and proteins will
(a) Release a hydrogen from the carboxyl group
(b) Release a hydrogen from the amino group
(c) Release a hydrogen at the carboxyl group
(d) Bind a hydrogen at the amino group
Define and give an example of:
(a) A volatile acid
(b) A fixed acid, and
(c) A metabolic acid
Which represents the greatest threat to acid-base balance? Why?