ion concentration is high in extracellular fluids, andion concentration is high in the cytoplasm.
(a) Calcium; magnesium
(b) Chloride; sodium
(c) Potassium; sodium
(d) Sodium; potassium

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Understand the context: The question is about the relative concentrations of specific ions in two main body fluid compartments—extracellular fluid (outside the cell) and cytoplasm (inside the cell).

Recall that extracellular fluid typically has a high concentration of sodium ions (Na\(\textsuperscript{+}\)) and chloride ions (Cl\(\textsuperscript{-}\)), while intracellular fluid (cytoplasm) has a high concentration of potassium ions (K\(\textsuperscript{+}\)).

Identify the ions that are high in extracellular fluid: Sodium (Na\(\textsuperscript{+}\)) is the primary cation in extracellular fluid.

Identify the ions that are high in the cytoplasm: Potassium (K\(\textsuperscript{+}\)) is the primary cation inside cells.

Match these findings to the answer choices: The correct pairing is 'Sodium' high in extracellular fluid and 'Potassium' high in cytoplasm, which corresponds to option (d).

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