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Zwitterion definitions

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Termini in questo insieme (15)

  • Zwitterion
    A dipolar molecule with both a positive and negative charge, resulting from acid-base reactions, predominating at physiological pH.
  • Amino Acid
    A molecule with a central carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, and R group, forming the basis of proteins.
  • Physiological pH
    A pH value around 7, typical of biological systems, where amino acids mainly exist in their zwitterion form.
  • Amino Group
    A functional group attached to the alpha carbon, carrying a positive charge when protonated, with a pKa around 9-10.5.
  • Carboxylate Group
    A functional group on amino acids, carrying a negative charge when deprotonated, with a pKa near 2.
  • Alpha Carbon
    The central carbon atom in amino acids, bonded to the amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, and R group.
  • R Group
    The variable side chain in amino acids, determining their unique properties and classification.
  • pKa
    A quantitative measure of acidic hydrogen strength; higher values indicate weaker acids, crucial for predicting protonation states.
  • Protonated Form
    A state where a functional group has gained a hydrogen ion, often resulting in a positive or neutral charge.
  • Deprotonated Form
    A state where a functional group has lost a hydrogen ion, often resulting in a negative or neutral charge.
  • Net Charge
    The sum of all charges on a molecule, varying with pH and determining the molecule's overall electrical state.
  • Conjugate Acid
    The species formed when a base gains a proton, predominating when pH is below the pKa.
  • Conjugate Base
    The species formed when an acid loses a proton, predominating when pH is above the pKa.
  • Backbone
    The main structural framework of amino acids, consisting of the alpha carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, and hydrogen.
  • Dipolar Molecule
    A molecule with two regions of opposite charge, such as the zwitterion form of amino acids at physiological pH.