Organic Chemistry Functional Groups

Structure: -OH group attached to a carbon

Structure: Carbon-carbon double bond adjacent to a hydroxyl group (-C=C-OH)

Structure: R-O-R' (oxygen bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups)

Structure: R-COO-R' (carbonyl adjacent to an oxygen bonded to another carbon)

Structure: CH\(3\)-CO- (methyl group bonded to a carbonyl)

Structure: R-CO-O-CO-R' (two acyl groups bonded through an oxygen)

Structure: -NH\(2\), -NHR, or -NR\(2\) (nitrogen bonded to hydrogens or carbons)

Structure: R-CO-NH\(2\) (carbonyl bonded to nitrogen)

Structure: R-CH=NR' (carbon double bonded to nitrogen)

Structure: R-CH=NR' with R' as an alkyl or aryl substituent on nitrogen

Structure: (H₂N)C(=NH)NH₂⁺ (positively charged group with three nitrogens bonded to a central carbon)

Structure: Five-membered aromatic ring with two nitrogens at non-adjacent positions

Structure: -SH group (thiol)

Structure: R-S-S-R' (two sulfur atoms bonded together linking two groups)

Structure: R-CO-S-R' (carbonyl bonded to sulfur instead of oxygen)

Structure: P=O group bonded to oxygen atoms

Structure: Two phosphate groups linked by an oxygen (P-O-P)

Structure: Carboxylic acid and phosphoric acid linked by an oxygen (R-CO-O-PO₃)