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Which of the following statements about nonsense mutations is correct?
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15. Gene Expression
Mutations
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Why do most mutations in DNA have no effect on an organism?
A
Mutations always lead to beneficial changes in proteins.
B
Mutations result in immediate cell death.
C
Mutations are always repaired by the cell's machinery.
D
Most mutations occur in non-coding regions of DNA.
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Understand that DNA is composed of coding and non-coding regions. Coding regions are sequences that are transcribed and translated into proteins, while non-coding regions do not directly code for proteins.
Recognize that mutations are changes in the DNA sequence. These changes can occur in both coding and non-coding regions of the DNA.
Consider that most of the human genome consists of non-coding DNA. Therefore, mutations are more likely to occur in these non-coding regions.
Realize that mutations in non-coding regions often do not affect the organism because they do not alter the protein-coding sequences or the proteins themselves.
Conclude that because most mutations occur in non-coding regions, they typically have no effect on the organism, which is why the statement 'Most mutations occur in non-coding regions of DNA' is correct.
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