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The energy used to produce ATP in the light reactions of photosynthesis comes from __________.
A
the oxidation of sugar molecules
B
splitting water
C
carbon fixation
D
fluorescence
E
movement of H+ through a membrane
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1
Understand that the light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where light energy is converted into chemical energy.
Recognize that during the light reactions, water molecules are split in a process called photolysis, releasing oxygen, electrons, and protons (H+ ions).
Identify that the electrons released from water are transferred through a series of proteins in the thylakoid membrane known as the electron transport chain (ETC).
Realize that as electrons move through the ETC, energy is used to pump H+ ions from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen, creating a proton gradient across the membrane.
Conclude that the movement of H+ ions back across the membrane through ATP synthase, driven by the proton gradient, provides the energy needed to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi).