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Using cladistic analysis, a taxonomist wishes to construct a phylogenetic tree showing the relationships among various species of mammals. Which of the following would be the least useful for this purpose?
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25. Phylogeny
Phylogeny
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Which statement below is true of parsimonious trees?
A
The most parsimonious tree requires the fewest evolutionary events to have occurred in the form of shared ancestral characters.
B
Given the rules of how morphological traits change over time, a tree can be found that reflects the most likely sequence of evolutionary events.
C
Given the rules of how DNA changes over time, a tree can be found that reflects the most likely sequence of evolutionary events.
D
Trees can be constructed that are the most parsimonious or the most likely, but not both at the same time.
E
The most parsimonious tree requires the fewest evolutionary events to have occurred in the form of shared derived characters.
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Understand the concept of a parsimonious tree: In phylogenetics, a parsimonious tree is one that requires the fewest evolutionary changes to explain the observed data.
Identify the key terms: 'shared ancestral characters' and 'shared derived characters'. Shared ancestral characters are traits that are inherited from a common ancestor, while shared derived characters are traits that are unique to a particular group and not present in distant ancestors.
Evaluate the statements: The statement that mentions 'shared derived characters' aligns with the definition of a parsimonious tree, as it focuses on minimizing evolutionary changes.
Consider the role of evolutionary events: A parsimonious tree aims to minimize the number of evolutionary events, such as mutations or trait changes, that are needed to explain the relationships between species.
Select the correct statement: The statement that correctly describes a parsimonious tree is the one that mentions 'shared derived characters', as it emphasizes minimizing evolutionary events in the form of these characters.
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