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The optimal pH for enzymes in the small intestine, such as trypsin, is typically around 7.5 to 8.5. Is the pH of Claire's small intestine below, within, or above the optimal range for these enzymes?
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3. Water
pH Scale
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A substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of H+ and OH– in a solution is a __________.
A
hydrophobic molecule
B
NaCl
C
strong acid
D
buffer
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Understand the role of a buffer: A buffer is a substance that helps maintain a stable pH in a solution by minimizing changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH–).
Identify the characteristics of a buffer: Buffers typically consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. This allows them to neutralize added acids or bases.
Consider the options given: Hydrophobic molecules do not interact with water and do not affect ion concentrations. NaCl is a salt that dissociates into Na+ and Cl– ions, but does not act as a buffer. Strong acids completely dissociate in solution, which does not help in minimizing changes in ion concentration.
Recognize the correct choice: A buffer is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to minimize changes in H+ and OH– concentrations, maintaining the pH of the solution.
Apply this knowledge: In biological systems, buffers are crucial for maintaining homeostasis, ensuring that enzymes and other biochemical processes function optimally at a stable pH.
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