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The human genome consists of approximately 3 billion base pairs. If humans typically differ from one another by about 3 million base pairs, what is the nucleotide variability of Homo sapiens?
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22. Evolution of Populations
Genetic Variation
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Which type of mutation plays the most important role in increasing the number of genes in the gene pool?
A
Single gene deletion
B
Point mutation
C
Rearrangement of gene loci
D
Changes in nucleotide sequence
E
Duplication
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Understand the types of mutations: Single gene deletion removes a gene, point mutation alters a single nucleotide, rearrangement of gene loci changes the position of genes, and changes in nucleotide sequence can include various alterations like insertions or deletions.
Recognize that gene duplication is a specific type of mutation where a segment of DNA is copied one or more times. This is not explicitly listed in the options but is implied by the question.
Consider the impact of each mutation type on the gene pool: Single gene deletion reduces genetic material, point mutations typically alter existing genes, and rearrangement of gene loci changes gene order but not quantity.
Realize that gene duplication increases the number of genes in the genome, providing raw material for evolution and potentially leading to new functions.
Conclude that duplication, although not directly listed, is the mutation type that most significantly increases the number of genes in the gene pool, aligning with the correct answer provided.
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