Skip to main content
Indietro

exam 3

I pulsanti di controllo sono stati cambiati in modalità "navigazione".
1/56

Termini in questo insieme (56)

  • allelle

    form of a gene

  • character

    trait

  • trait

    option

  • codominance

    both genes are dominant

    ex. brown and white spots

  • complete dominance

    one gene is dominant over the other

  • incomplete dominance

    two of the gene has to be present for it to show up

    if both are present, it results in a unique phenotype

    ex. pink flowers

  • F1 generation

    daughter

  • F2 generation

    grandaughters

  • hungtingtons disease

    autosomal disease on chromosome 4

  • hybrid

    a mix between two genetically different organism

  • law of segregation

    alleles separate during gamete formation, only one allele is passed down to child

  • pleitropy

    one gener or mutation that affects multiple phenotypic traits ex. sickle cell anemia

  • polygenic inheritance

    one trait controlled by multiple genes ex. heigh, weight

  • sickle cell

    autosomal disease that affects your blood cells. it stiffens then and makes them a crest like shape.

  • true breeding

    always produces the same phenotypic traits

  • wildtype

    "normal"

  • polygenic

    multiple genes affects one trait

  • bacteriophage

    virus that affects bacteria

  • Structure of DNA

    Double helix, anti parallel- 5' 3', 3' 5'

    Composed of nucleotide

    • - 5 carbon sugar

    • Phosphorus group - Po4-

    • Nitrogenous base - ATCG

  • A goes to?

    T

  • G goes to?

    C

  • Pyramadines

    Thyanine, Cytosine

  • Purine

    Guanine

    Adenine

  • RNA structure

    Single stranded

    Uracil

    Nucelotide

    • Sugar with hydroxyl group attached

  • codon

    3 sequences nucleotide on mRNA that codes for specific proteins

  • anticodon

    complementary sequence on tRNA that binds to the codon

  • DNA liagase

    Links okazaki fragments

  • DNA polymerase

    Adds DNA nucleotides

    Involved in proof reading

  • exon

    coding regions expressed as proteins in mRNA

  • intron

    intruding sequence that gets spliced out

  • framshift mutation

    a mutation caused by the deletion of the nucleotides bases

  • missense mutation

    change in the dna that causes it to code for the wrong protein

  • nonsense mutation

    change in the dna that causes a premature stop

  • silent mutation

    change in DNA that does not affect anything

  • ribosome

    protein synthesis

  • RNA splicing

    cuts out introns, keeps exons

  • semiconservative model

    DNA will keep one parent strand and produce a new daughter strand

  • Start codon

    AUG

  • Stop codon

    3 Types

    • Tells it to stop protein synthesis

  • What happens during transcription

    DNA is turned into RNA

  • Three steps and explanation

    1. Initiation - RNA polymerase binds and attaches to promoter region

    2. Elongation - RNA polymerase copies to elongate strand

    3. Termination - RNA detaches from DNA

  • trna

    acts as an adaptor between mrna and amino acids

  • What happens during trasnlation

    RNA synthesizes to a protein

  • Three steps of translation

    1. Initiation - mrna bonds to small subunit and finds the start codon. trna brings methyanine

    2. elongation - mrna binds to large subunit, trna brings apropriate amino acid

    3. termination - stop codon is reached, protein is released, mrna is released

  • alternative rna splicing

    exon from single transcribed gene are joined in different combinations

  • Barr body

    inactivated x chromosome

  • carcinogen

    harmful things:

    radiation, cigarettes, etc

    • causes cancer

  • DNA microarray

    uses fluorescent lights to help find expressed traits

    red = expressed in diseased

    green = expressed in normal

    yellow = expressed in none

  • epigenetic inheritance

    methyl tags added onto histone proteins that are passed down

  • histone

    protein that packages dna

  • nucelosome

    structura unit of DNA

  • microRNA

    destructs or silences RNA - regulated gene expression

  • oncogene

    mutated gene/ tumor

  • proto-oncogene

    normal gene that promotes cell division

  • tumor supressor gene

    gene that stops cell division

  • sirna

    degrades one specific mrna (not natural)