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Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein
Campbell - Campbell Biology 12th Edition
Urry12th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9785794169850Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoUrry 12th EditionCh. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to ProteinProblema 8
Capitolo 17, Problema 8

Would the coupling of the processes shown in Figure 17.24 be found in a eukaryotic cell? Explain why or why not.
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Begin by identifying the processes shown in Figure 17.24. Typically, this figure might depict processes such as transcription and translation, which are key steps in gene expression.
Understand the location of these processes in eukaryotic cells. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where DNA is transcribed into mRNA. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, where ribosomes synthesize proteins from mRNA.
Consider the concept of coupling in cellular processes. In prokaryotic cells, transcription and translation can be coupled, meaning they occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm. However, in eukaryotic cells, these processes are separated by the nuclear membrane.
Evaluate the implications of this separation. The nuclear membrane in eukaryotic cells prevents the direct coupling of transcription and translation, as mRNA must be processed and transported out of the nucleus before translation can occur.
Conclude by explaining why coupling of these processes, as shown in the figure, would not be found in eukaryotic cells due to the spatial and temporal separation imposed by the nuclear membrane.

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Coupling of Transcription and Translation

In prokaryotic cells, transcription and translation are coupled, meaning they occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm. This is possible because prokaryotes lack a nucleus, allowing ribosomes to begin translating mRNA as it is being transcribed. In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm, preventing direct coupling.
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Review of Transcription vs. Translation

Eukaryotic Cell Compartmentalization

Eukaryotic cells are characterized by compartmentalization, with distinct organelles such as the nucleus and cytoplasm. This separation means that transcription occurs in the nucleus, where DNA is housed, and mRNA must be processed and transported to the cytoplasm for translation, preventing simultaneous transcription and translation.
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Features of Eukaryotic Cells

mRNA Processing in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, mRNA undergoes several processing steps before translation, including capping, polyadenylation, and splicing. These modifications are necessary for mRNA stability and export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This processing further separates transcription and translation temporally and spatially, unlike in prokaryotes.
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Eukaryotic RNA Processing and Splicing
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a. A deletion of three nucleotides near the middle of a gene

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c. 5′-CTTCGGGAA-3′

d. 5′-AAACCCUUU-3′

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Which component is directly involved in translation?


A. RNA polymerase

B. ribosome

C. spliceosome

D. DNA

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