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Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Campbell - Campbell Biology 12th Edition
Urry12th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9785794169850Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoUrry 12th EditionCh. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of LifeProblema 6
Capitolo 26, Problema 6

If you were using cladistics to build a phylogenetic tree of cats, which of the following would be the best outgroup?
a. Wolf
b. Domestic cat
c. Lion
d. Leopard

Guida verificata passo dopo passo
1
Understand the concept of cladistics: Cladistics is a method of classifying species based on their evolutionary relationships. It involves identifying shared characteristics that are derived from a common ancestor.
Define an outgroup: In cladistics, an outgroup is a species or group that is closely related to but not part of the group being studied (the ingroup). The outgroup helps to root the phylogenetic tree and provides a point of comparison for determining evolutionary relationships.
Identify the ingroup: In this problem, the ingroup consists of various species of cats, including domestic cats, lions, and leopards.
Determine the best outgroup: The best outgroup should be a species that is closely related to the ingroup but not part of it. Among the options given, a wolf (option a) is not a cat but is a member of the Carnivora order, which includes both cats and wolves. This makes it a suitable outgroup for the phylogenetic tree of cats.
Use the outgroup to root the tree: Once the outgroup is identified, it can be used to root the phylogenetic tree, helping to clarify the evolutionary relationships among the species within the ingroup.

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Cladistics

Cladistics is a method of classifying organisms based on common ancestry and evolutionary relationships. It involves constructing phylogenetic trees that represent the branching patterns of evolution, focusing on shared derived characteristics (synapomorphies) to determine the relatedness of different species.
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Percorso guidato
03:52
Cladistics Example 1

Phylogenetic Tree

A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that represents the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. It illustrates how species are related through common ancestors, with branches indicating divergence from a common lineage.
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04:13
Building Phylogenetic Trees Example 2

Outgroup

An outgroup in cladistics is a species or group that is closely related to but not part of the group being studied (the ingroup). It serves as a reference point for determining the evolutionary relationships within the ingroup, helping to root the phylogenetic tree and clarify the direction of evolutionary changes.
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10:06
Ingroups, Outgroups, & the Character Matrix
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo

Three living species, X, Y, and Z, share a common ancestor, T, as do extinct species U and V. A grouping that consists of species T, X, Y, and Z (but not U or V) makes up

a. A monophyletic taxon

b. An ingroup, with species U as the outgroup

c. A paraphyletic group

d. A polyphyletic group

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Domanda del libro di testo

Based on the tree below, which statement is not correct? <IMAGE>

a. Goats and humans form a sister group

b. Salamanders are a sister group to the group containing lizards, goats, and humans

c. Salamanders are as closely related to goats as to humans

d. Lizards are more closely related to salamanders than to humans

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Domanda del libro di testo

The relative lengths of the frog and mouse branches in the phylogenetic tree in Figure 26.13 indicate that:

<IMAGE>

a. Frogs evolved before mice

b. Mice evolved before frogs

c. The homolog has evolved more rapidly in mice

d. The homolog has evolved more slowly in mice

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Domanda del libro di testo

Based on the tree below, which statement is correct?

a. Lizards and goats form a sister group.

b. Salamanders are a sister group to the group containing lizards, goats, and humans.

c. Salamanders are more closely related to lizards than to humans.

d. Goats and humans are the only sister group shown in this tree.

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