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Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Campbell - Campbell Biology 11th Edition
Urry11th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9789357423311Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoUrry 11th EditionCh. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of LifeProblema 5
Capitolo 26, Problema 5

Based on the tree below, which statement is not correct? <IMAGE>
a. Goats and humans form a sister group
b. Salamanders are a sister group to the group containing lizards, goats, and humans
c. Salamanders are as closely related to goats as to humans
d. Lizards are more closely related to salamanders than to humans

Guida verificata passo dopo passo
1
Examine the phylogenetic tree provided in the problem. A phylogenetic tree shows evolutionary relationships between species, where closer branches indicate closer relationships.
Identify the sister groups in the tree. Sister groups are two lineages that share a common ancestor not shared by any other lineage. For example, if goats and humans share a direct common ancestor, they form a sister group.
Analyze the placement of salamanders in the tree relative to lizards, goats, and humans. Determine if salamanders are equally related to goats and humans or if they are closer to one group than the other.
Compare the evolutionary distance between lizards and salamanders versus lizards and humans. This can be done by observing the branching points and common ancestors in the tree.
Evaluate each statement (a, b, c, d) based on the relationships depicted in the tree. Identify which statement contradicts the evolutionary relationships shown in the tree.

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Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic trees are diagrams that represent evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on their genetic or physical characteristics. Each branch point, or node, indicates a common ancestor, while the tips of the branches represent the current species. Understanding how to read these trees is crucial for determining relationships and identifying sister groups.
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04:13
Building Phylogenetic Trees Example 2

Sister Groups

Sister groups are pairs of taxa that are each other's closest relatives, sharing a more recent common ancestor than with any other group. In a phylogenetic tree, sister groups diverge from the same node. Recognizing sister groups helps clarify evolutionary relationships and can influence interpretations of traits and behaviors among species.
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06:04
Functional Groups

Cladistics

Cladistics is a method of classifying species based on common ancestry and the branching patterns of evolution. It focuses on shared derived characteristics (synapomorphies) to establish relationships. This approach is essential for evaluating statements about evolutionary proximity, as it provides a framework for understanding how different organisms are related through their evolutionary history.
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03:52
Cladistics Example 1
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo

Three living species, X, Y, and Z, share a common ancestor, T, as do extinct species U and V. A grouping that consists of species T, X, Y, and Z (but not U or V) makes up

a. A monophyletic taxon

b. An ingroup, with species U as the outgroup

c. A paraphyletic group

d. A polyphyletic group

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Domanda del libro di testo

If you were using cladistics to build a phylogenetic tree of cats, which of the following would be the best outgroup?

a. Wolf

b. Domestic cat

c. Lion

d. Leopard

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Domanda del libro di testo

Which similarly inclusive taxon is represented as descending from the same common ancestor as Canidae?

<IMAGE>

a. Felidae

b. Mustelidae

c. Carnivora

d. Lutra

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Domanda del libro di testo

To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree

a. Choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable

b. Choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible

c. Choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes, in either DNA sequences or morphology

d. Choose the tree with the fewest branch points

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Domanda del libro di testo

The relative lengths of the frog and mouse branches in the phylogenetic tree in Figure 26.13 indicate that:

<IMAGE>

a. Frogs evolved before mice

b. Mice evolved before frogs

c. The homolog has evolved more rapidly in mice

d. The homolog has evolved more slowly in mice

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