Domanda del libro di testo
Which of the following animals generally has the lowest volume of urine production?
a. Vampire bat
b. Salmon in fresh water
c. Marine bony fish
d. Freshwater flatworm
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Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion
Urry11th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9789357423311
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle10
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance7
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth6
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life7
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea8
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants7
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development8
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition10
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System6
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction8
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology10
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Capitolo 44, Problema 4
The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by all of the following except
a. Active transport of salt from the upper region of the ascending limb.
b. The spatial arrangement of juxtamedullary nephrons.
c. Diffusion of urea from the collecting duct.
d. Diffusion of salt from the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand the role of the renal medulla: The renal medulla is responsible for concentrating urine, and its high osmolarity is crucial for this function.
Identify the mechanisms that contribute to high osmolarity: These include active transport of ions, diffusion of urea, and the unique arrangement of nephron structures.
Examine option a: Active transport of salt occurs in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, contributing to the osmolarity gradient.
Examine option b: Juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla, aiding in the concentration of urine.
Examine option d: Salt does not diffuse from the descending limb; instead, water is reabsorbed here, increasing the concentration of the filtrate. This option does not contribute to the high osmolarity of the medulla.
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Osmolarity in the Renal Medulla
Osmolarity refers to the concentration of solutes in a solution. In the renal medulla, high osmolarity is crucial for the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. This is achieved through the countercurrent multiplier system, which involves the loop of Henle and the vasa recta, creating a gradient that allows for water reabsorption and urine concentration.
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Osmosis and Osmolarity
Countercurrent Multiplier System
The countercurrent multiplier system is a mechanism in the kidneys that helps establish a concentration gradient in the renal medulla. It involves the loop of Henle, where the descending limb is permeable to water but not salt, and the ascending limb actively transports salt but is impermeable to water. This arrangement allows for the efficient reabsorption of water and solutes, maintaining high osmolarity.
Video consigliato:
06:28Countercurrent Exchange
Role of Urea in Osmolarity
Urea plays a significant role in maintaining the osmolarity of the renal medulla. It diffuses from the collecting duct into the medullary interstitium, contributing to the osmotic gradient. This process helps in the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts, further concentrating the urine. Urea recycling is essential for sustaining the high osmolarity necessary for kidney function.
Video consigliato:
07:59Osmosis and Osmolarity
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
Unlike an earthworm's metanephridia, a mammalian nephron
a. Is intimately associated with a capillary network.
b. Functions in both osmoregulation and excretion.
c. Receives filtrate from blood instead of coelomic fluid.
d. Has a transport epithelium.
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Domanda del libro di testo
African lungfish, which are often found in small stagnant pools of fresh water, produce urea as a nitrogenous waste. What is the advantage of this adaptation?
a. Urea takes less energy to synthesize than ammonia.
b. Small stagnant pools do not provide enough water to dilute ammonia, which is toxic.
c. Urea forms an insoluble precipitate.
d. Urea makes lungfish tissue hypoosmotic to the pool.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Which process in the nephron is least selective?
a. Filtration
b. Reabsorption
c. Active transport
d. Secretion
1100
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Domanda del libro di testo
In which of the following species should natural selection favor the highest proportion of juxtamedullary nephrons?
a. A river otter
b. A mouse species living in a temperate broadleaf forest
c. A mouse species living in a desert
d. A beaver
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