Construct a table that organizes the following terms, and label the columns and rows.
Monosaccharides
Fatty acids
Amino acids
Nucleotides
Polypeptides
Triacylglycerols
Polynucleotides
Polysaccharides
Phosphodiester linkages
Peptide bonds
Glycosidic linkages
Ester linkages

Copy the polynucleotide strand in Figure 5.23a and label the bases G, T, C, and T, starting from the 5′ end. Assuming this is a DNA polynucleotide, now draw the complementary strand, using the same symbols for phosphates (circles), sugars (pentagons), and bases. Label the bases. Draw arrows showing the 5'→3' direction of each strand. Use the arrows to make sure the second strand is antiparallel to the first.

Hint: After you draw the first strand vertically, turn the paper upside down; it is easier to draw the second strand from the 5′ toward the 3′ direction as you go from top to bottom.

Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?

a. 5′-AGCT-3′ with 5′-TCGA-3′

b. 5′-GCGC-3′ with 5′-TATA-3′

c. 5′-ATGC-3′ with 5′-GCAT-3′

d. All of these pairs are correct.

Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

a. The two strands of the double helix would separate.

b. The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken.

c. The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

d. All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

The molecular formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

a. C₆₀H₁₂₀O₆₀

b. C₆₀H₁₀₂O₅₁

c. C₆₀H₁₀₀O₅₀

d. C₆₀H₁₁₁O₅₁