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07:15Draw a vertical food chain (part of a food web) showing that sea urchins eat kelp and that sea otters eat sea urchins.
Use this model to (1) show or explain how a trophic cascade works; and (2) offer an explanation for why otters are considered a keystone species.
In some circumstances, the use of probiotics, which stimulate the rapid growth of bacteria that are mutualistic or commensal with humans, can eliminate the need to use antibiotics, which can wipe out helpful bacteria along with harmful bacteria. The use of probiotics is an example of which process?
a. Succession
b. Competitive exclusion
c. Parasitism
d. Niche differentiation
Cite an example to explain why species interactions are conditional and dynamic.
What is a disturbance? Consider the role of fire in a forest. Compare the consequences of high-frequency versus low-frequency fire, and high severity versus low severity of fire.
Pioneer species tend to have high ________ and lower survivorship.
What is true about inducible defenses? Select True or False for each statement.
T/F They are always present; thus, an individual is always able to defend itself.
T/F They make it impossible for a consumer to launch surprise attacks.
T/F They result from a coevolutionary arms race.
T/F They make efficient use of resources, because they are produced only when needed.
