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Ch. 10 - Sequences and Infinite Series
Briggs - Calculus: Early Transcendentals 3rd Edition
Briggs3rd EditionCalculus: Early TranscendentalsISBN: 9780136847243Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 10, Problema 10.7.9

9–30. The Ratio and Root Tests Use the Ratio Test or the Root Test to determine whether the following series converge absolutely or diverge.
∑ (from k = 1 to ∞) ((-1)ᵏ) / (k!)

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1
Identify the series given: \( \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^k}{k!} \). Since the terms involve factorials, the Ratio Test is often convenient here.
Recall the Ratio Test formula: For the series \( \sum a_k \), compute \( L = \lim_{k \to \infty} \left| \frac{a_{k+1}}{a_k} \right| \). If \( L < 1 \), the series converges absolutely; if \( L > 1 \), it diverges; if \( L = 1 \), the test is inconclusive.
Write the general term \( a_k = \frac{(-1)^k}{k!} \). Then, \( a_{k+1} = \frac{(-1)^{k+1}}{(k+1)!} \). Compute the ratio of absolute values: \( \left| \frac{a_{k+1}}{a_k} \right| = \left| \frac{(-1)^{k+1}}{(k+1)!} \cdot \frac{k!}{(-1)^k} \right| = \frac{1}{k+1} \).
Evaluate the limit as \( k \to \infty \): \( L = \lim_{k \to \infty} \frac{1}{k+1} = 0 \). Since \( L < 1 \), the series converges absolutely.
Conclude that by the Ratio Test, the series \( \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^k}{k!} \) converges absolutely because the limit of the ratio of consecutive terms is zero.

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Ratio Test

The Ratio Test determines the convergence of a series by examining the limit of the absolute value of the ratio of consecutive terms. If this limit is less than 1, the series converges absolutely; if greater than 1, it diverges; if equal to 1, the test is inconclusive.
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Root Test

The Root Test analyzes the nth root of the absolute value of the terms in a series. If the limit of this nth root as n approaches infinity is less than 1, the series converges absolutely; if greater than 1, it diverges; if equal to 1, the test is inconclusive.
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Absolute Convergence

A series converges absolutely if the series of the absolute values of its terms converges. Absolute convergence implies convergence, and it is a stronger form of convergence that allows the use of tests like the Ratio and Root Tests effectively.
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Percorso guidato
07:51
Choosing a Convergence Test