Ch. 4 - Applications of the Derivative

Briggs - Calculus: Early Transcendentals 3rd Edition

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Briggs 3rd Edition

Ch. 4 - Applications of the Derivative

Problema 4.9.7

Capitolo 4, Problema 4.9.7

Give the antiderivatives of 1/x.

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Recognize that the function 1/x is a standard form for which the antiderivative is well-known. The antiderivative of 1/x is related to the natural logarithm function.

Recall the rule for the antiderivative of 1/x: ∫(1/x) dx = ln|x| + C, where ln|x| represents the natural logarithm of the absolute value of x, and C is the constant of integration.

Understand why the absolute value is necessary: The natural logarithm function, ln(x), is only defined for positive values of x. To account for both positive and negative values of x, we use ln|x|.

Write the general form of the antiderivative: ∫(1/x) dx = ln|x| + C. This represents the family of functions whose derivative is 1/x.

Conclude that the antiderivative of 1/x is ln|x| + C, emphasizing the importance of including the constant of integration (C) to represent all possible antiderivatives.

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Antiderivative

An antiderivative of a function is another function whose derivative is the original function. In calculus, finding the antiderivative is a fundamental operation, often referred to as integration. The process of determining an antiderivative can yield a family of functions differing by a constant, known as the constant of integration.

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Antiderivatives

Natural Logarithm

The natural logarithm, denoted as ln(x), is the logarithm to the base e, where e is approximately 2.71828. It is particularly important in calculus because the derivative of ln(x) is 1/x, making it the antiderivative of 1/x. Understanding the properties of logarithms is essential for solving integrals involving exponential functions.

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Derivative of the Natural Logarithmic Function

Integration Constant

When finding antiderivatives, the result includes an integration constant (C) because the derivative of a constant is zero. This means that multiple functions can have the same derivative, differing only by a constant value. Recognizing the importance of this constant is crucial for expressing the general solution to an indefinite integral.

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Integration by Parts for Definite Integrals

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