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Ch.12 - Parametric and Polar Curves
Briggs - Calculus: Early Transcendentals 3rd Edition
Briggs3rd EditionCalculus: Early TranscendentalsISBN: 9780136847243Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 12, Problema 12.R.26

24–26. Sets in polar coordinates Sketch the following sets of points.


4 ≤ r² ≤ 9

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Understand that the inequality \(4 \leq r^{2} \leq 9\) describes a set of points in polar coordinates where \(r\) is the distance from the origin to the point.
Rewrite the inequality in terms of \(r\) by taking the square root of each part, remembering to consider both positive and negative roots: \(2 \leq r \leq 3\) (since \(r\) represents a radius, we consider only the non-negative values).
Interpret this as all points whose distance from the origin is at least 2 units and at most 3 units, which geometrically represents the region between two circles centered at the origin with radii 2 and 3.
To sketch the set, draw two concentric circles: one with radius 2 and another with radius 3, both centered at the origin.
Shade the annular region (ring-shaped area) between these two circles, as this represents all points satisfying \(4 \leq r^{2} \leq 9\).

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Polar Coordinates System

Polar coordinates represent points in a plane using a radius and an angle, denoted as (r, θ). The radius r measures the distance from the origin, and θ is the angle from the positive x-axis. This system is useful for describing curves and regions that are circular or radial in nature.
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Intro to Polar Coordinates

Inequalities Involving r²

An inequality like 4 ≤ r² ≤ 9 restricts the radius r to values whose squares lie between 4 and 9. Since r² is always non-negative, this means r lies between 2 and 3, including both boundaries. This defines an annular region (ring-shaped) between two circles centered at the origin.
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Integrals Involving Natural Logs: Substitution

Graphing Regions in Polar Coordinates

To sketch sets defined by inequalities in polar coordinates, interpret the conditions on r and θ to identify the region. For 4 ≤ r² ≤ 9, the region is all points whose distance from the origin is between 2 and 3, forming a ring. The angle θ typically ranges over all real numbers unless otherwise restricted.
Video consigliato:
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Intro to Polar Coordinates