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In Exercises 1–10, find the extreme values (absolute and local) of the function over its natural domain, and where they occur.
y = (𝓍 + 1) / (𝓍² + 2𝓍 + 2)
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Ch. 4 - Applications of Derivatives
Hass15th EditionThomas' CalculusISBN: 9780137616077
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 - Functions155
- Ch. 2 - Limits and Continuity240
- Ch. 3 - Derivatives337
- Ch. 4 - Applications of Derivatives293
- Ch. 5 - Integrals41
- Ch. 6 - Applications of Definite Integrals25
- Ch. 7 - Transcendental Functions490
- Ch. 8 - Techniques of Integration399
- Ch. 9 - First-Order Differential Equations66
- Ch. 10 - Infinite Sequences and Series132
- Ch. 11 - Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates58
Capitolo 4, Problema 4.4.69
Each of Exercises 67–88 gives the first derivative of a continuous function y=f(x). Find y'' and then use Steps 2–4 of the graphing procedure described in this section to sketch the general shape of the graph of f.
69. y' = x(x - 3)²
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: Start by finding the second derivative y''. To do this, differentiate the given first derivative y' = x(x - 3)² using the product rule. Recall that the product rule states: (uv)' = u'v + uv'. Here, u = x and v = (x - 3)².
Step 2: Differentiate u = x to get u' = 1. Then, differentiate v = (x - 3)² using the chain rule. The chain rule states: (g(h(x)))' = g'(h(x)) * h'(x). Here, g(h) = h² and h(x) = x - 3. So, v' = 2(x - 3)(1) = 2(x - 3).
Step 3: Apply the product rule to compute y''. Substitute u, u', v, and v' into the formula: y'' = u'v + uv'. This becomes y'' = (1)(x - 3)² + (x)(2(x - 3)). Simplify this expression to get the second derivative.
Step 4: Analyze the critical points and concavity using y'' to determine the general shape of the graph. Set y'' = 0 to find inflection points, and test intervals around these points to determine where the graph is concave up (y'' > 0) or concave down (y'' < 0).
Step 5: Combine the information from y' and y'' to sketch the general shape of the graph. Use the critical points from y' (where y' = 0) to identify maxima, minima, or points of inflection, and use the concavity information from y'' to refine the sketch of the graph.
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First Derivative
The first derivative of a function, denoted as y' or f'(x), represents the rate of change of the function with respect to x. It provides information about the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at any given point. Analyzing the first derivative helps identify critical points, where the function may have local maxima or minima.
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07:09
The First Derivative Test: Finding Local Extrema
Second Derivative
The second derivative, denoted as y'' or f''(x), is the derivative of the first derivative. It indicates the rate of change of the slope of the function, providing insights into the concavity of the graph. If y'' is positive, the graph is concave up, and if y'' is negative, the graph is concave down. This information is crucial for sketching the general shape of the function.
Video consigliato:
06:02The Second Derivative Test: Finding Local Extrema
Graphing Procedure
The graphing procedure involves several steps to sketch the graph of a function based on its derivatives. Steps typically include finding critical points from the first derivative, determining concavity and inflection points from the second derivative, and analyzing the behavior of the function at endpoints or asymptotes. This systematic approach helps create an accurate representation of the function's overall shape.
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Percorso guidato
06:15Graphing The Derivative
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
6. You are planning to close off a corner of the first quadrant with a line segment 20 units long running from (a, 0) to (0,b). Show that the area of the triangle enclosed by the segment is largest when a = b.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Initial Value Problems
Solve the initial value problems in Exercises 71–90.
dy/dx = 2x − 7, y(2) = 0
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30. Find a positive number for which the sum of its reciprocal and four times its square is the smallest possible.
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Finding Functions from Derivatives
Suppose that f(0) = 5 and that f'(x) = 2 for all x. Must f(x) = 2x + 5 for all x? Give reasons for your answer.
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Identifying Extrema
In Exercises 19–40:
a. Find the open intervals on which the function is increasing and those on which it is decreasing.
b. Identify the function’s local extreme values, if any, saying where they occur.
g(x) = x√8 − x²
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