In Exercises 23–34, find each product using either a horizontal or a vertical format.
(xy+2)(x²y²−2xy+4)
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Start by distributing each term in the first polynomial \((xy + 2)\) to each term in the second polynomial \((x^2y^2 - 2xy + 4)\).
First, distribute \(xy\) to each term in \((x^2y^2 - 2xy + 4)\):
Calculate \(xy \cdot x^2y^2 = x^{3}y^{3}\).
Calculate \(xy \cdot (-2xy) = -2x^{2}y^{2}\).
Calculate \(xy \cdot 4 = 4xy\).
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Polynomial Multiplication
Polynomial multiplication involves distributing each term in one polynomial to every term in another polynomial. This process can be done using the distributive property, ensuring that all combinations of terms are multiplied together. For example, in the expression (xy + 2)(x²y² - 2xy + 4), each term in the first polynomial must be multiplied by each term in the second polynomial.
Horizontal and vertical formats refer to different methods of organizing polynomial multiplication. The horizontal format lays out the polynomials side by side, while the vertical format stacks them, similar to traditional multiplication. Choosing between these formats often depends on personal preference or the complexity of the polynomials involved, but both methods yield the same result.
Combining like terms is a crucial step after multiplying polynomials, where terms with the same variable and exponent are added or subtracted. This simplification process helps in organizing the polynomial into its standard form, making it easier to interpret and work with. For instance, after multiplying the terms in the given expression, any like terms must be combined to produce the final simplified polynomial.