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Human Biology Test 2

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Termini in questo insieme (47)

  • In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons always equals the number of what ?

    Electrons

  • 2 or more atoms joined together through electron sharing are called a __ ?

    Molecule

  • The molecule that is most abundant in the human body is known as ?

    Water

  • Which structure is used as a tracer in medical procedures?

    Radioisotopes

  • Joining small molecules ( monomers) together forms longer chains (polymer) is a process called ?

    Dehydration process

  • Electrons spend more time circling Oxygen atom than the Hydrogen because why ?

    Water is polar

  • Why does water seem to climb up a Capilary tube?

    Cohesive property

  • The number of H+ in acidic solutions are ?

    Greater than OH-

  • A solution with pH of 6 contains… times … hydrogen ions than a solution with pH of 7?

    10; more

  • What type of bond hold 2 water molecules together ?

    Hydrogen

  • When we refer to something as being organic it means the organism has what ?

    Contains carbon and hydrogen

  • What are the grouping of elements found in carbohydrates?

    C-H-OH

  • What is the polysaccharide that is used for storing long term energy source in the body of animals?

    Glycogen

  • The main function of carbohydrates in the body is?

    Short-term energy source

  • Sugars with 3-7 carbon atoms are called?

    Monosaccharides

  • The 2 secondary structure of proteins are?

     Alpha helix & beta pleated sheet

  • The primary level of protein structure is composed of _____ in linear sequence joined by peptide bonds?

    Amino Acids

  • To breakdown a protein this has to happen?

    Hydrolysis reaction

  • Tertiary structure of a protein have what shape and determine what for enzymes?

    3-D shape; determines type of molecules enzymes interact with

  • The functions of proteins in humans include?

    Support

    Enzymes

    Transport

    Defense

    Hormones

    Motion

  • 2 mains structures of nucleic acids are?

    DNA & RNA

  • The sides (backbone) of DNA consist of?

    Sugar & phosphates

  • The primary function of RNA in the human body is?

    Expression of genes

  • What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA?

    Adenine – Thymine

    Guanine - Cytosine

  • What is the type of bond holding nitrogenous bases together in DNA?

    Hydrogen bond

  • Lipids all have one common thing: they are ______ in water?

    Not able to dissolve

  • When ATP is used to supply energy – what happens?

    A phosphate bond is broken

  • What must be removed or added for a dehydration or hydrolysis reaction to occur?

    Water

  • Saturated fatty acids have ___ bonds?

    Single bonds only

    No double bonds

  • Steroids have a backbone of four fused ___ rings?

    Carbon

  • Bases

    Substances that take up hydrogen ions ( H+) or release hydrogen ions ( OH-)

  • Dehydration reaction

    Occurs when a hydroxyl & hydrogen are removed

  • Atom

    Smallest unit of an element that retains it’s physical and chemical properties

  • Neutrons

    Neutral ( uncharged )

  • Protons

    Positively charged

  • Electrons

    Negatively charged

  • Isotopes

    Atoms of the same element but a different number of neutrons

  • Compound

    When the atoms are different

  • Ionic bonds

    The attraction between oppositely charged sodiums and chloride ions

  • Hydrophobic

    Molecules do NOT attract water ;are nonpolar

  • Hydrophilic

    Polar molecules that attract water

  • Disaccharide

    Made of two monosaccharides joined by a dehydration reaction

  • Polysaccharide

    Long polymers of glucose subunits

  • Triglycerides

    Made of one glycerol and three fatty acids . Function in energy storage, insulation, cushioning fats and oils

  • Levels of protein structure

    Primary , secondary , tertiary and quaternary structures

  • DNA

    double strand helix ; store genetic information & can copy itself

  • RNA

    single strand : ribose sugar , synthesize sugar