Mathematics thinking Scientific Notation
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Scientific notation is a way to express very large or very small numbers as a product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10.
Write the number as \(a \times 10^n\), where a is between 1 and 10, and n is an integer exponent.
The exponent n indicates how many places the decimal point moves: positive n moves it to the right, negative n moves it to the left.
4500 = \(4.5 \times 10^3\)
0.0072 = \(7.2 \times 10^{-3}\)
Multiply the coefficients and add the exponents: \((a \times 10^m)(b \times 10^n) = (ab) \times 10^{m+n}\)
Divide the coefficients and subtract the exponents: \(\frac{a \times 10^m}{b \times 10^n} = \frac{a}{b} \times 10^{m-n}\)
The coefficient a must be at least 1 but less than 10: \(1 \leq a < 10\)
It simplifies working with very large or very small numbers, making calculations and comparisons easier.
32000
0.056
First, rewrite the numbers with the same exponent, then add or subtract the coefficients.
\(4.5 \times 10^{-4}\)
\(9.8 \times 10^{6}\)
\(1 \times 10^{0}\)
Adjust the coefficient by moving the decimal point and change the exponent accordingly to keep the value the same.
\(1.2 \times 10^{-4}\)
7500
The exponent is negative, indicating a small number less than 1.
The exponent is positive, indicating a large number greater than or equal to 10.