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Which atomic particles move from one surface to another to create a static charge?
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2. Atoms & Elements
The Atom
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The reactivity of an atom arises from:
A
the number of protons in its nucleus
B
the total number of neutrons in the atom
C
the atomic mass of the element
D
the presence of unpaired electrons in its valence shell
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Understand that atomic reactivity is primarily determined by how atoms interact with other atoms, which depends on their electrons, especially those in the outermost shell (valence shell).
Recall that the number of protons defines the element but does not directly determine reactivity; similarly, neutrons and atomic mass affect nuclear properties but not chemical behavior.
Focus on the valence electrons because these are the electrons involved in forming chemical bonds and reactions.
Recognize that unpaired electrons in the valence shell are available to form bonds, making the atom more reactive.
Conclude that the presence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell is the key factor that explains an atom's chemical reactivity.
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