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Which term best describes the role of hydrogen gas in the formation of a water molecule?
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11. Bonding & Molecular Structure
Chemical Bonds
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In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by _____.
A
polar covalent bonds
B
ionic bonds
C
hydrogen bonds
D
metallic bonds
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Understand the types of chemical bonds: ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons between atoms, covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons, and metallic bonds involve a 'sea' of delocalized electrons among metal atoms.
Recognize that in a water molecule (H\_2O), hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons rather than transferring them completely, which rules out ionic bonds.
Recall that hydrogen bonds are intermolecular forces, not bonds within a single molecule, so they do not describe the bonds holding hydrogen and oxygen together in one water molecule.
Consider the difference between nonpolar and polar covalent bonds: polar covalent bonds occur when electrons are shared unequally due to differences in electronegativity between atoms.
Since oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the electrons in the O-H bonds are shared unequally, making the bonds polar covalent bonds.
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