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How many electrons should be shown in the Lewis dot symbol for hydrogen?
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11. Bonding & Molecular Structure
Lewis Dot Symbols
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Which of the following is the correct Lewis dot symbol for the calcium ion, Ca^{2+}?
A
Ca \(\text{ with eight dots}\)
B
Ca^{2+} \(\text{ with two dots}\)
C
Ca^{2+}
D
Ca^{+} \(\text{ with one dot}\)
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Recall that the Lewis dot symbol represents the valence electrons of an atom or ion as dots around the element's symbol.
Determine the number of valence electrons in a neutral calcium (Ca) atom. Calcium is in group 2 of the periodic table, so it has 2 valence electrons.
Understand that when calcium forms a Ca^{2+} ion, it loses 2 electrons, which means it has no valence electrons left to represent as dots.
Therefore, the Lewis dot symbol for Ca^{2+} should show the element symbol 'Ca' with no dots around it, indicating zero valence electrons.
Compare this with the options: any dots around Ca^{2+} would be incorrect because the ion has lost its valence electrons.
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