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How many valence electrons does a phosphorus (P) atom have?
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10. Periodic Properties of the Elements
Valence Electrons of Elements
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How many electrons do most atoms seek to obtain in their valence shell to achieve stability?
A
6
B
8
C
2
D
10
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Understand that atoms seek to achieve a stable electron configuration, often resembling the nearest noble gas, which is known for its chemical inertness.
Recall the Octet Rule, which states that most atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving maximum stability.
Recognize that the valence shell is the outermost electron shell of an atom, and stability is often reached when this shell is full.
Note that the first shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, but for most atoms beyond the first period, the goal is to have 8 electrons in the valence shell.
Conclude that the number of electrons most atoms seek in their valence shell to achieve stability is 8, which explains why the correct answer is 8.
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