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Determine the oxidation state of each element in (assume typical oxidation-state rules for covalent compounds).
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6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions
Calculate Oxidation Numbers
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When determining oxidation numbers, how can you find the oxidation number of a monatomic ion (an ion made of a single element)?
A
It is equal to the number of valence electrons the atom has in its neutral state.
B
It is always because the particle is an ion.
C
It is equal to the ion’s charge (for example, in , the oxidation number of is ).
D
It is found by assigning to oxygen and to hydrogen, then balancing.
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Understand that the oxidation number (or oxidation state) represents the hypothetical charge an atom would have if all bonds were completely ionic.
Recall that for monatomic ions, which consist of a single atom carrying a charge, the oxidation number is straightforward to determine.
Recognize that the oxidation number of a monatomic ion is equal to the charge on the ion itself. For example, in the ion \(\mathrm{N^{3-}}\), the oxidation number of nitrogen is \(-3\).
Note that this differs from atoms in molecules or polyatomic ions, where oxidation numbers are assigned based on electronegativity and bonding rules.
Therefore, to find the oxidation number of a monatomic ion, simply identify the ion's charge, and that value is the oxidation number.
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