Classify the 𝑝 and 𝑑 orbital diagrams based on whether they ...

Question

Classify the 𝑝 and 𝑑 orbital diagrams based on whether they obey or violate hund's rule.

Accepted Answer

Hey there, folks, welcome back. Alright, so here we're going to be finding which of the electron configurations that we have here is going to represent represent a violation of the huns rule. So what does the huns rule? So hans rule says that the generator orbital's or same energy orbital's same energy orbital's are going to be half filled first before they are totally filled. Right? So we're going to half fill them first before totally filling them. And what do we mean by that? Well, let's say we have um you know, an element, we have seven electrons for that element. So we're gonna start with one S and we're going to have to s and then we're going to have to pee right, So we have 11 and then to be has three electron orbital's and we have seven electrons here. Right? So we first need to obviously uh completely fill the one S because it is one energy level. So one s is degenerate, degenerate orbital, it's the same energy. So we have to fill it and then completely fill that. And then for the next one, the same thing one up one down. So that's four. But once we get to the two p we have three orbital's here, three electron orbital's and they're also the same energy. All of these right here are the same energy. So we can't go like this one up one down, that would be incorrect. That would be a violation of the Huntsville. What we need to do is actually so we have four here, we have three left, we have to first half filled them. So one, 23 and if we had one more, let's say we had eight electrons then we would come back around and then completely fill that, right? But we only have seven electrons. So this would be the correct way to fill up the orbital diagrams. So now let's go ahead and look what we have here. So for a we have this orbital right here. So again, it looks like we're talking about one S here to S and two P raids, one S and two S. The only way that we would have to s orbital's one next to one another is if we started with one S. So these are correct. One S and two S are correct. They're completely filled before when we moved on to the next one. But two P here has won election orbital, that doesn't have anything. Right? So instead of doing um instead of completely filling this first one and then moving on to the next, we should have taken this one out and we filled one up, one up and then one up. Right? So because all three of these are two P, they have the same energy we first have to have filled up. So this is incorrect. This is actually represents a violation of huns rule. So a here is the right answer, let's go ahead and take a look at the other ones. So for B, everything is completely filled here, there is really no way of telling if there was any violation. Um so this is not not the answer for C. So c here we have one electron uh that we actually skipped. So how would that happen? Well, this is actually not a violation of huns rule. What what it is a violation of is about principle. So ralph Bowes principle. So we're going to say this violates out about principle. So it's not our answer because we're only looking for the one that violates huns rule. But alcohol principle does say that we need to start in with one s Phil lower energy orbital's with electrons before moving on to the uh you know, higher energy. So this is this is one s this is to us And this is all to pee. Right? So two p is higher in energy than two s. So we obviously would have to you know, completely fill this one first before moving on to the two piece. So that's what alba principle tells us. But again, that's not our answer because we were only looking for huns rule violation for D here is this is completely filled, this is completely filled and then this is filled correctly. We first have filled them and then for that last one for this last one we came back and filled it completely filled this one, so that is correct. It does not violate anything and then the last one also does not violate so this is completely filled completely filled, and then these degenerate orbital's here are half filled first, which is correct. So are correct choice. Here is a and it shows a violation of the hunt's rule. All right, thank you so much for watching.

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Classify the 𝑝 and 𝑑 orbital diagrams based on whether they obey or violate hund's rule.

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