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In the PCl3F2 molecule the chlorine atoms exist in the equatorial positions and the fluorine atoms exist in the axial positions. Based on this information, predict the Cl–P–Cl bond angle.
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12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory
Bond Angles
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DEET, or N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, is used in many insect repellents. How many sp2 carbons are there in the following structure?
A
12
B
9
C
8
D
6
E
7
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Identify the structure of DEET, which is N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, from the image provided. It consists of a benzene ring, an amide group, and ethyl groups attached to the nitrogen.
Understand that sp2 hybridization occurs in carbon atoms that are part of double bonds or aromatic rings, such as benzene.
Examine the benzene ring in the structure. Each carbon in the benzene ring is sp2 hybridized due to the delocalized π electrons. Count these carbons.
Look at the carbonyl group (C=O) in the amide. The carbon in the carbonyl group is also sp2 hybridized because it forms a double bond with oxygen.
Add the number of sp2 hybridized carbons from the benzene ring and the carbonyl group to find the total number of sp2 carbons in the structure.
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