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Ch 1 Flashcards

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Termini in questo insieme (21)

  • What is chemistry?

    Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, and the changes it undergoes.

  • What are the three states of matter?

    The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

  • Define a substance in chemistry.

    A substance has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample.

  • What is the difference between an element and a compound?

    An element cannot be decomposed into simpler substances, while a compound can be decomposed because it contains two or more elements.

  • What are atoms and molecules?

    Atoms are the building blocks of matter; molecules are groups of atoms bonded together.

  • How are elements represented in chemistry?

    Elements are represented by symbols, usually one or two letters, with the first letter capitalized.

  • What is the Law of Constant Composition?

    Compounds have a definite composition, meaning the relative number of atoms of each element is the same in any sample.

  • What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures?

    Homogeneous mixtures have uniform composition throughout; heterogeneous mixtures do not.

  • What are physical properties?

    Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance, such as color, density, and melting point.

  • What are chemical properties?

    Chemical properties can only be observed when a substance changes into another, such as flammability.

  • What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties?

    Intensive properties do not depend on amount (e.g., density), while extensive properties depend on amount (e.g., mass).

  • What distinguishes physical changes from chemical changes?

    Physical changes do not change composition (e.g., melting), while chemical changes produce new substances (e.g., combustion).

  • Name three methods to separate mixtures.

    Mixtures can be separated by filtration, distillation, and chromatography.

  • What is energy in chemistry?

    Energy is the capacity to do work or transfer heat.

  • What are the two fundamental forms of energy?

    Kinetic energy is energy of motion; potential energy is stored energy based on position.

  • What is the SI base unit for mass?

    The SI base unit for mass is the kilogram (kg).

  • What is the SI base unit for temperature and how is it related to Celsius?

    The SI unit is the Kelvin (K), related by \(K=\degree C+273.15\).

  • What is density and its common units?

    Density is mass per volume, commonly in g/mL or g/cm3.

  • What are significant figures?

    Significant figures include all certain digits plus one uncertain digit in a measurement.

  • How do you apply significant figures in multiplication and division?

    Results are reported with the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures.

  • What is dimensional analysis?

    Dimensional analysis uses conversion factors to change units systematically.