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General Chemistry: Atoms Basics

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  • What is an atom?

    An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.

  • What are the three main subatomic particles in an atom?

    Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

  • Where are protons located in an atom?

    Protons are located in the nucleus of the atom.

  • What is the charge of a proton?

    A proton has a positive charge.

  • Where are neutrons found in an atom?

    Neutrons are found in the nucleus alongside protons.

  • What is the charge of a neutron?

    Neutrons have no charge; they are neutral.

  • Where are electrons located in an atom?

    Electrons orbit the nucleus in the electron cloud.

  • What is the charge of an electron?

    An electron has a negative charge.

  • What determines the atomic number of an element?

    The number of protons in the nucleus.

  • What is the mass number of an atom?

    The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

  • How do isotopes of an element differ?

    Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

  • What is the overall charge of a neutral atom?

    Zero, because the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

  • What is an ion?

    An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons.

  • How is a positive ion (cation) formed?

    By losing electrons, resulting in more protons than electrons.

  • How is a negative ion (anion) formed?

    By gaining electrons, resulting in more electrons than protons.

  • What is the relative charge and mass of a proton?

    Charge: +1; Mass: approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).

  • What is the relative charge and mass of a neutron?

    Charge: 0; Mass: approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).

  • What is the relative charge and mass of an electron?

    Charge: -1; Mass: approximately 1/1836 of a proton.

  • What is the nucleus of an atom?

    The dense central core containing protons and neutrons.

  • Why do electrons orbit the nucleus?

    Because of the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons.