Skip to main content
Indietro

General Chemistry: Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry

I pulsanti di controllo sono stati cambiati in modalità "navigazione".
1/23

Termini in questo insieme (23)

  • What is stoichiometry?

    Stoichiometry is the study of the quantities of substances consumed and produced in chemical reactions, based on the Law of Conservation of Mass.

  • What does a chemical equation represent?

    A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction, showing reactants on the left and products on the right, separated by an arrow.

  • How do you balance chemical equations?

    Balance equations by changing coefficients, not subscripts, to obey the Law of Conservation of Mass, ensuring equal atoms of each element on both sides.

  • What do the symbols (g), (l), (s), and (aq) mean in chemical equations?

    They indicate states of matter: (g) gas, (l) liquid, (s) solid, and (aq) aqueous (dissolved in water).

  • What does the symbol Δ over a reaction arrow indicate?

    Δ means heat is required for the reaction to occur.

  • What is a combination reaction?

    A combination reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

  • What is a decomposition reaction?

    A decomposition reaction is when one substance breaks down into two or more substances, often upon heating.

  • What happens when metal carbonates decompose upon heating?

    Metal carbonates decompose to form a metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas.

  • What characterizes a combustion reaction?

    Combustion reactions are rapid, produce a flame, and usually involve oxygen as a reactant.

  • What are the typical products of combustion of hydrocarbons?

    Combustion of hydrocarbons produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).

  • What is formula weight (FW)?

    Formula weight is the sum of atomic weights of atoms in a compound's empirical formula.

  • What is molecular weight (MW)?

    Molecular weight is the sum of atomic weights of atoms in a molecule; it equals formula weight for molecules.

  • How do you calculate percent composition of an element in a compound?

    Percent composition = (mass of element in formula / formula weight) × 100%

  • What is Avogadro's number?

    Avogadro's number is \(6.02\times10^{23}\), the number of particles in one mole.

  • What is molar mass?

    Molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol), numerically equal to atomic or molecular weight in amu.

  • How do mole relationships help in stoichiometry?

    Mole relationships use coefficients from balanced equations to convert between moles of reactants and products.

  • How do you convert grams of a substance to moles?

    Divide the mass in grams by the molar mass (g/mol) of the substance.

  • What are the steps to determine an empirical formula from percent composition?

    Convert percent to grams, grams to moles, divide by smallest mole value, and use ratios as subscripts.

  • How do you find a molecular formula from an empirical formula?

    Divide the molar mass by the empirical formula mass to find a whole number multiple, then multiply subscripts by this number.

  • What is combustion analysis used for?

    Combustion analysis determines the amounts of C, H, and O in a compound by measuring CO2 and H2O produced.

  • What is a limiting reactant?

    The limiting reactant is the reactant that is completely consumed first, limiting the amount of product formed.

  • What is theoretical yield?

    The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product predicted by stoichiometric calculations.

  • How is percent yield calculated?

    Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100%