IndietroGeneral Chemistry Key Concepts
Termini in questo insieme (26)
Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
An exothermic process releases heat to the surroundings.
An endothermic process absorbs heat from the surroundings.
Dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces caused by temporary dipoles in molecules.
Ion-dipole forces occur between an ion and a polar molecule.
Hydrogen bonding is a strong dipole-dipole attraction between H and N, O, or F atoms.
Dipole-dipole forces are attractions between polar molecules.
Surface tension is the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid due to intermolecular forces.
Viscosity measures a liquid's resistance to flow.
Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without external forces.
The meniscus is the curved surface of a liquid in a container caused by adhesion and cohesion.
Miscible liquids mix in all proportions to form a homogeneous solution.
Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid at a given temperature.
A homogeneous mixture has uniform composition throughout.
The solute is the substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
The solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute in a solution.
Immiscible liquids do not mix to form a homogeneous solution.
Ionization is the process of forming ions from a molecular compound in solution.
An unsaturated solution contains less solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve at a given temperature.
A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.
A supersaturated solution contains more solute than normally possible at a given temperature and is unstable.
A strong electrolyte completely dissociates into ions in solution, conducting electricity well.
A non electrolyte does not dissociate into ions and does not conduct electricity in solution.
A weak electrolyte partially dissociates into ions in solution, conducting electricity poorly.
An ideal solution follows Raoult's law with no volume or enthalpy change on mixing.
Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to stop solvent flow through a semipermeable membrane due to osmosis.