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General Chemistry Review

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
    Physical change alters the form or appearance but not the composition. Chemical change results in new substances with different compositions.
  • What are the three states of matter shown in the diagrams?
    Solid, liquid, and gas.
  • What is the law of conservation of mass?
    Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction; total mass of reactants equals total mass of products.
  • What is an atom?
    The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.
  • What is the difference between an element and a compound?
    An element consists of one type of atom; a compound consists of two or more elements chemically combined.
  • What is a mixture?
    A physical combination of two or more substances where each retains its own properties.
  • What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures?
    Homogeneous mixtures have uniform composition; heterogeneous mixtures have visibly different parts.
  • What is the significance of the periodic table?
    It organizes elements by increasing atomic number and groups with similar properties.
  • What is an isotope?
    Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
  • What is atomic number?
    The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
  • What is mass number?
    The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
  • What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
    Ionic bonds form by transfer of electrons; covalent bonds form by sharing electrons.
  • What is a molecule?
    Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
  • What is the octet rule?
    Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight electrons in their valence shell.
  • What is a chemical formula?
    A notation showing the types and numbers of atoms in a compound.
  • What is the difference between empirical and molecular formulas?
    Empirical formula shows the simplest ratio of atoms; molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms.
  • What is molar mass?
    The mass of one mole of a substance, usually in grams per mole.
  • What is Avogadro's number?
    The number of particles in one mole, approximately \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\).
  • What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
    Accuracy is how close a measurement is to the true value; precision is how close repeated measurements are to each other.
  • What is the difference between a solute and a solvent?
    The solute is the substance dissolved; the solvent is the substance doing the dissolving.