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Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoBrown 14th EditionCh.13 - Properties of SolutionsProblema 109a
Capitolo 13, Problema 109a

A series of anions is shown below:
Structures of three anions for analysis of central atom and electron pair domains.
The anion on the far right is called 'BARF' by chemists, as its common abbreviation sounds similar to this word. (a) What is the central atom and the number of electronpair domains around the central atom in each of these anions?

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Identify the central atom in each anion. For the first anion, the central atom is carbon (C). For the second anion, the central atom is nitrogen (N). For the third anion, the central atom is phosphorus (P).
Determine the number of electron pair domains around the central atom. Electron pair domains include both bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons.
For the first anion (carbon with three chlorine atoms), count the bonding pairs. There are three bonding pairs (C-Cl) and no lone pairs on the central carbon atom.
For the second anion (nitrogen with four methyl groups), count the bonding pairs. There are four bonding pairs (N-CH3) and no lone pairs on the central nitrogen atom.
For the third anion (phosphorus with six bromine atoms), count the bonding pairs. There are six bonding pairs (P-Br) and no lone pairs on the central phosphorus atom.

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Central Atom

The central atom in a molecule or ion is typically the atom that is bonded to multiple other atoms. It is often the least electronegative element in the compound and serves as the focal point for determining the molecular geometry. In the provided anions, identifying the central atom is crucial for understanding the overall structure and bonding characteristics.
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Atom Structure

Electron Pair Domains

Electron pair domains refer to regions around the central atom where electron pairs are located, including both bonding pairs (shared between atoms) and lone pairs (not shared). The number of electron pair domains influences the molecular geometry according to the VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, which predicts the arrangement of atoms based on minimizing repulsion between electron pairs.
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Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory

VSEPR Theory

VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory is a model used to predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom. By considering the number of bonding and lone pairs, VSEPR theory helps determine the shape of the molecule, which is essential for understanding the properties and reactivity of the anions in the question.
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Molecular Shapes and VSEPR
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A series of anions is shown below: The anion on the far right is called 'BARF' by chemists, as its common abbreviation sounds similar to this word. (c) Which, if any, of these anions has an expanded octet around its central atom?

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A series of anions is shown below:

The anion on the far right is called 'BARF' by chemists, as its common abbreviation sounds similar to this word. (b) What is the electron-domain geometry around the central B in BARF?

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Domanda del libro di testo

At ordinary body temperature (37 °C), the solubility of N2 in water at ordinary atmospheric pressure (1.0 atm) is 0.015 g/L. Air is approximately 78 mol % N2. (b) At a depth of 100 ft in water, the external pressure is 4.0 atm. What is the solubility of N2 from air in blood at this pressure?

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Domanda del libro di testo
A series of anions is shown below:

The anion on the far right is called 'BARF' by chemists, as its common abbreviation sounds similar to this word. (d) Tetrabutylammonium, (CH3CH2CH2CH2)4N + is a bulky cation. Which anion, when paired with the tetrabutylammonium cation, would lead to a salt that will be most soluble in nonpolar solvents?
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