Domanda del libro di testo
Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks bacterial cell walls. A solution containing 0.150 g of this enzyme in 210 mL of solution has an osmotic pressure of 0.953 torr at 25 °C. What is the molar mass of lysozyme?
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Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 13, Problema 78
Seawater contains 34 g of salts for every liter of solution. Assuming that the solute consists entirely of NaCl (in fact, over 90% of the salt is indeed NaCl), calculate the osmotic pressure of seawater at 20 °C
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Identify the formula for osmotic pressure: \( \Pi = iMRT \), where \( \Pi \) is the osmotic pressure, \( i \) is the van't Hoff factor, \( M \) is the molarity, \( R \) is the ideal gas constant, and \( T \) is the temperature in Kelvin.
Determine the van't Hoff factor \( i \) for NaCl. Since NaCl dissociates into two ions (Na^+ and Cl^-), \( i = 2 \).
Convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin: \( T = 20 + 273.15 = 293.15 \text{ K} \).
Calculate the molarity \( M \) of the NaCl solution. First, find the molar mass of NaCl (Na: 22.99 g/mol, Cl: 35.45 g/mol), then use the given mass of NaCl (34 g/L) to find \( M = \frac{\text{mass of solute}}{\text{molar mass} \times \text{volume of solution in liters}} \).
Substitute the values into the osmotic pressure formula: \( \Pi = iMRT \), using \( R = 0.0821 \text{ L atm K}^{-1} \text{ mol}^{-1} \), and solve for \( \Pi \).
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Osmotic Pressure
Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to prevent the flow of solvent into a solution through a semipermeable membrane. It is directly proportional to the concentration of solute particles in the solution, as described by the formula π = iCRT, where π is the osmotic pressure, i is the van 't Hoff factor, C is the molar concentration of the solute, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
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Percorso guidato
01:13
Osmotic Pressure Formula
Van 't Hoff Factor (i)
The van 't Hoff factor (i) indicates the number of particles into which a solute dissociates in solution. For NaCl, which dissociates into two ions (Na⁺ and Cl⁻), the van 't Hoff factor is 2. This factor is crucial for calculating osmotic pressure, as it affects the total concentration of solute particles in the solution.
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Percorso guidato
02:50Van't Hoff Factor
Molarity and Concentration
Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. To calculate osmotic pressure, it is essential to convert the mass of solute (in this case, NaCl) into moles using its molar mass, and then determine the molarity of the solution. This concentration is a key component in the osmotic pressure equation.
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00:53Molarity Concept
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Adrenaline is the hormone that triggers the release of extra glucose molecules in times of stress or emergency. A solution of 0.64 g of adrenaline in 36.0 g of CCl4 elevates the boiling point by 0.49 °C. Calculate the approximate molar mass of adrenaline from this data.
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Domanda del libro di testo
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What is the freezing point of an aqueous solution that boils at 105.0 °C?
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